Comparison of vestibular and somatosensory disturbances in community-dwelling older adults with balance disorder

Abstract

Background: Aging is natural process which is sometimes characterized by physical impairment and functional disability, leading to dependence. This study compares the effects of vestibular and somatosensory disturbances on balance performance and fall risk in older adults.

Objective: The study aims to determine and compare the effects of vestibular and somatosensory disturbances on balance performance and fall risk in older adults.

Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 402 older adults was conducted over a 12-month period. The ethical approval obtained had reference number Riphah/RCRS/REC/01427. The Berg Balance Scale was employed as a standardized tool to assess balance, the m-CTSIB was used to evaluate individuals’ reliance on sensory systems, and the Modified Dix-Hallpike maneuver was applied to detect vestibular dysfunction.

Results: The study included 52.6% females and 47.1% males, with an average age of 60.28±9.37 years. On the Berg Balance Scale, only 5% of participants were classified as high risk for falls, while 45.4% and 49.4% were in the moderate and low-risk categories, respectively. Results from the Modified Dix-Hallpike maneuver indicated 73.4% positive outcomes and 26.3% negative outcomes for vestibular dysfunction. Balance performance showed a mild positive significant correlation (P < 0.05). The multiple regression analysis, using the formula: Fall Risk=β0 +β1 (BBS)+β2 (m-CTSIB) demonstrated a mild to moderate negative correlation between m-CTSIB scores and fall risk.

Conclusion: The study highlights the prevalence of vestibular dysfunction in older adults and the critical role of sensory systems in balance, emphasizing the need for targeted rehabilitation to improve health outcomes and quality of life.